This report serves as a diagnostic indication of South African learner performance in the TIMSS 2015 Grade 5 Numeracy assessment. Several patterns of weakness and suggested remedial actions were identified and it is hoped that this will be beneficial for all role-players and stakeholders in the South African education system. This includes curriculum and assessment specialists in DBE, other curriculum managers, and especially educators in their day-to-day classroom teaching practice. It is hoped that this will guide systemic improvement in a holistic way to ensure quality education for all South African learners.